TY  - JOUR
TI  - Current status of trachoma in India: Results from the National Trachoma Prevalence Survey
AU  - Gupta, Noopur
AU  - Vashist, Praveen
AU  - Senjam, Suraj S.
AU  - Gupta, Vivek
AU  - Wadhwani, Meenakshi
AU  - Manna, Souvik
AU  - Grover, Sumit
AU  - Bhardwaj, Amit
T2  - Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
AB  - PURPOSE: In the mid-twentieth century, trachoma was endemic in the northwestern states of India. We aimed to generate recent estimates of prevalence of trachomatous inflammation, follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in ten suspected-endemic districts across seven previously hyper-endemic states and union territories for trachoma in India including Delhi, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Gujarat, Uttarakhand and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
METHODS: Population-based prevalence surveys were undertaken in 10 districts. In each of those districts, two-stage cluster sampling was used to select a sample of 2000 children aged 1-9 years and all adults aged ≥15 years in the enumerated households from a total of 20 clusters per district. Consenting eligible participants were examined for trachoma by trained ophthalmologists using the World Health Organization's simplified grading system. Data were analyzed at the district level.
RESULTS: A total of 13,802 households were surveyed in which 19,662 children were examined for TF and 44,135 adults aged ≥15 years were examined for TT. District-level TF prevalence in 1-9-year-olds ranged from 0.1% in Bikaner (95% CI: 0.01-0.3) to 2.1% in Dholpur (95% CI: 1.6-2.8) and that of trichiasis ranged from 0.7 per 1000 in Pauri Garhwal (95% CI: 0.01-1.4) to 22.1 per 1000 (95% CI: 15.8-28.4) in Car Nicobar. In four districts (Car Nicobar, Dholpur, Hoshiarpur, Tonk), trichiasis prevalence in adults aged ≥15 years was ≥0.2%.
CONCLUSION: TF was not a public health problem in any of the districts surveyed; thus, antibiotic mass drug administration is not needed. However, TT among adults was found to be above 0.2% in four districts; thus, further trichiasis surgery interventions at the public health level are warranted to achieve elimination. These findings will facilitate planning for elimination of trachoma as a public health problem in India.
DA  - 2022/09//
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.4103/ijo.IJO_503_22
DP  - PubMed
VL  - 70
IS  - 9
SP  - 3260
EP  - 3265
J2  - Indian J Ophthalmol
LA  - eng
SN  - 1998-3689
ST  - Current status of trachoma in India
L1  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9675499/pdf/IJO-70-3260.pdf
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36018099
KW  - Adult
KW  - Humans
KW  - Child
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - India
KW  - survey
KW  - Infant
KW  - Trachoma
KW  - Trichiasis
KW  - prevalence
KW  - trachoma
KW  - Elimination
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Current Status of Trachoma Among Underserved Population of India: Results from the National Trachoma Rapid Assessment Survey 2014-17
AU  - Vashist, Praveen
AU  - Manna, Souvik
AU  - Senjam, Suraj Singh
AU  - Gupta, Vivek
AU  - Gupta, Noopur
AU  - Wadhwani, Meenakshi
AU  - Grover, Sumit
AU  - Bhardwaj, Amit
T2  - Ophthalmic Epidemiology
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine the burden of trachoma and its related risk factors among the underserved population of sixteen states/union territories (UTs) in India.
METHODS: Trachoma rapid assessment (TRA) was conducted in seventeen Enumeration Units (EUs) spanning sixteen states/UTs in India according to standard WHO guidelines. A total of ten clusters were selected in each EU and 50 children aged 1-9 years were assessed clinically for signs of active trachoma and facial cleanliness in each cluster. Additionally, all adults aged 15 years and above in the same households were examined for evidence of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) and corneal opacity. Environmental risk factors contributing to trachoma were also noted in all households.
RESULTS: Out of 766 districts in India, seventeen EUs were selected for TRA depending on evidence of socio-developmental indicators like poverty and suboptimal access to water, sanitation, and healthcare facilities. The total population of the selected clusters was 21,774 in the 17 EUs. Overall, 104 of 8807 children (1.2%; CI: 0.9-1.4) had evidence of follicular or inflammatory stages of trachoma. Nearly 16.6% (CI:15.8-17.4) children were noted to have unclean faces in the 170 clusters. Trichiasis was noted in 19 adults (2.1 per 1000; CI:1.2-3.2 per 1000). Environmental sanitation was found to be unsatisfactory in two-thirds (67.8%) of the surveyed households in the clusters mainly due to improper garbage disposal.
CONCLUSION: Active trachoma was not a public health problem in any of the EUs surveyed. However, burden of TT among adults was found to be above 0.2% in two EUs; hence, further public health interventions like trichiasis surgery were recommended.
DA  - 2023/07/05/
PY  - 2023
DO  - 10.1080/09286586.2023.2232036
DP  - PubMed
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
J2  - Ophthalmic Epidemiol
LA  - eng
SN  - 1744-5086
ST  - Current Status of Trachoma Among Underserved Population of India
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37408313
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - trachoma
KW  - Elimination
KW  - rapid survey
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Risk Factors and Outcomes Associated with Intraoperative Fractures during Short-Stem Total Hip Arthroplasty for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
AU  - Malhotra, Rajesh
AU  - Gupta, Saurabh
AU  - Gupta, Vivek
AU  - Manhas, Vikrant
T2  - Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery
AB  - Background: Young age in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) demands bone-preserving, short-stem arthroplasty. Several designs including neck-preserving stems and neck-resecting, shortened, standard stems are classified as short stems. There is a paucity of literature investigating risk factors and outcomes of intraoperative complications of neck preserving, short-stem arthroplasty in ONFH.
Methods: A total of 107 hips operated with METHA short-stem arthroplasty for ONFH were retrospectively evaluated. The mean age of patients was 43.7 years (range, 27-60 years). Nine patients had an intraoperative fracture. Seven hips received prophylactic cerclage wiring for poor bone quality. Patients were invited for clinical and radiological evaluation at the latest follow-up.
Results: The mean follow-up of patients was 47.2 months. Significant association with intraoperative fractures and the need for prophylactic cerclage wiring were found in steroids-, alcohol-, and chronic renal failure-induced ONFH. However, patient sex, body mass index, traumatic/idiopathic ONFH, previous implant in situ, prosthesis size, and single-sitting bilateral total hip replacement (THA) were not the risk factors. All hips showed signs of osteointegration at final follow-up. No revision was done during the study period for any cause.
Conclusions: METHA short-stem THA offers excellent functional and radiological outcomes in ONFH. However, precaution must be exercised in patients with steroids-, alcohol-, and renal disorders-induced ONFN due to poor bone quality and higher chances of intraoperative fractures. Also, additional measures such as the use of a high-speed burr and prophylactic cerclage wiring in ONFH may allow predictable and safe use of short stems.
DA  - 2022/03//
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.4055/cios21041
DP  - PubMed
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
SP  - 41
EP  - 47
J2  - Clin Orthop Surg
LA  - eng
SN  - 2005-4408
L1  - http://ecios.org/Synapse/Data/PDFData/0157CIOS/cios-14-41.pdf
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35251540
KW  - Adult
KW  - Humans
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Intraoperative Complications
KW  - Arthroplasty
KW  - Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip
KW  - Femur Head
KW  - Femur head necrosis
KW  - Femur Head Necrosis
KW  - Hip
KW  - Hip Prosthesis
KW  - Osteonecrosis
KW  - Short stem arthroplasty
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Diabetic retinopathy screening programme utilising non-mydriatic fundus imaging in slum populations of New Delhi, India
AU  - Wadhwani, Meenakshi
AU  - Vashist, Praveen
AU  - Singh, Suraj Senjam
AU  - Gupta, Noopur
AU  - Malhotra, Sumit
AU  - Gupta, Aparna
AU  - Shukla, Pallavi
AU  - Bhardwaj, Amit
AU  - Gupta, Vivek
T2  - Tropical Medicine & International Health
AB  - Objectives To develop and implement a community-based programme for screening of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in urban populations of Delhi. Methods Known diabetics (KDs) aged 40 years and older were identified through house-to-house surveys, volunteers and publicity. All KDs were referred to DR screening camps organised locally where procedures included brief medical history, ocular examination and non-mydriatic fundus photography using portable handheld camera. Fundal images were graded on the spot by trained optometrists for DR. Patients with DR were referred to tertiary centre for management. Results A total of 11 566 KDs were identified, of whom 9435 (81.6%) visited DR screening camps and 8432 (89.4%) had DR gradable images. DR was identified in 13.5% of subjects; 351 cases were mild NPDR, 567 moderate, 92 severe. Seventy-seven had PDR, and 49 had DME, and 2.7% of participants were blind (presenting visual acuity <3/60 in better eye). Non-use of lifestyle management, presence of systemic complications, BMI <18.5 kg/m2, disease duration of >5 years and uncontrolled diabetes were associated with increased odds of DR. All cases with DR were referred, and 420 (37%) successful referrals to base hospital were observed. Conclusion The programme of creating awareness about DR, identifying KDs and optometrist-led DR screening using non-mydriatic fundus camera based in slums was successful.
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1111/tmi.13039
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
SP  - 405
EP  - 414
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-3156
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/tmi.13039
Y2  - 2022/03/18/11:11:22
L1  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/tmi.13039
L2  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tmi.13039
KW  - diabetic retinopathy
KW  - slums
KW  - rétinopathie diabétique
KW  - bidonvilles
KW  - imagerie du fond de l’œil non mydriatique
KW  - non-mydriatic fundus imaging
KW  - non‐mydriatic fundus imaging
KW  - population urbaine mal desservie
KW  - urban underserved population
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Textbook of Community Ophthalmology
A3  - Praveen Vashist
A3  - Noopur Gupta
A3  - Suraj S Senjam
A3  - Vivek Gupta
CY  - New Delhi
DA  - 2023///
PY  - 2023
ET  - First
SP  - 161
LA  - En
PB  - CRC Press
SN  - 978-1-03-227159-0
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Epidemiological Research and Surveys in Eye Care
AU  - Vivek Gupta
AU  - Souvik Manna
AU  - Noopur Gupta
AU  - Praveen Vashist
T2  - Textbook of Community Ophthalmology
CY  - New Delhi, India
DA  - 2023///
PY  - 2023
ET  - First
SP  - 57
EP  - 68
LA  - En
PB  - CRC Press
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Basic Epidemiology, Statistics and Research Methodology
AU  - Praveen Vashist
AU  - Souvik Manna
AU  - Pallavi Shukla
AU  - Vivek Gupta
T2  - Textbook of Community Ophthalmology
CY  - New Delhi, India
DA  - 2023///
PY  - 2023
ET  - First
SP  - 57
EP  - 68
LA  - En
PB  - CRC Press
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Low-fat diet and incidence of POAG
AU  - Gupta, Vivek
AU  - Dada, Tanuj
T2  - International Glaucoma Review
DA  - 2023/09//
PY  - 2023
VL  - 23
IS  - 3
SP  - 38
EP  - 40
J2  - Int Glaucoma Rev
SN  - 1566-1040
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Stress and Allostatic Load in Patients With Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
AU  - Gc, Kiran
AU  - Mahalingam, Karthikeyan
AU  - Gupta, Vivek
AU  - Angmo, Dewang
AU  - Gupta, Shikha
AU  - Dada, Tanuj
T2  - Journal of Glaucoma
AB  - PRCIS: This study evaluated the allostatic load (AL) in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and reported that the AL score was significantly higher in glaucoma patients compared with age-matched controls.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the AL in patients with POAG.
METHODS: This case-control study comprised 50 POAG (glaucoma patients) and 50 age-matched controls without glaucoma (controls). AL was estimated based on 13 variables: systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, homocysteine, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, body mass index, serum cortisol, glycosylated hemoglobin, albumin, creatinine clearance, and C-reactive protein. High-risk thresholds were determined based on biological cutoffs of each biomarker. One point was assigned for each biomarker reading above cutoff and were summated to obtain AL score; score ≥4 was considered high.
RESULTS: Mean age of glaucoma patients was 60.82±6.26 and 60.14±6.72 years in controls ( P =0.602). All components of AL score (except C-reactive protein) had higher values in glaucoma patients. There was a statistically significant difference in homocysteine ( P =0.001), total cholesterol ( P =0.037), high-density lipoprotein ( P =0.005), and glycosylated hemoglobin ( P =0.003). Mean AL score was 4.68±2.09 in glaucoma patients and 3.32±1.34 in controls ( P <0.001). There was significant association of high AL score with older age ( P =0.006), low socioeconomic status ( P =0.020), and glaucoma severity ( P =0.001). Negative correlation was seen between AL and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (Right Eye: r =-0.37, P <0.001; Left Eye: r =-0.298, P <0.001) and visual field mean deviation (Right Eye: r =-0.469, P <0.001; Left Eye: r =-0.520, P <0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Glaucoma patients exhibited allostatic overload indicating physiological dysregulation to chronic stress although additional research is required to establish causality. A holistic approach with lifestyle modifications to reduce chronic stress should be an integral part of managing glaucoma patients as it would serve both to possibly reduce or prevent disease progression and improve overall health outcomes.
DA  - 2024/02/01/
PY  - 2024
DO  - 10.1097/IJG.0000000000002332
DP  - PubMed
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
SP  - 87
EP  - 93
J2  - J Glaucoma
LA  - eng
SN  - 1536-481X
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37974317
KW  - Humans
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Aged
KW  - Intraocular Pressure
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Cholesterol
KW  - C-Reactive Protein
KW  - Glaucoma, Open-Angle
KW  - Lipoproteins, HDL
KW  - Biomarkers
KW  - Allostasis
KW  - Homocysteine
KW  - Glycated Hemoglobin
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prevalence and causes of low vision in a population-based study on childhood visual impairment in North India (CHVI 4)
AU  - Wadhwani, Meenakshi
AU  - Vashist, Praveen
AU  - Senjam, S. Suraj
AU  - Gupta, Vivek
AU  - Saxena, Rohit
AU  - Tandon, Radhika
T2  - Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
AB  - Purpose:
The present study was a population-based study to determine the prevalence and causes of low vision in children less than 16 years in North India.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 40 clusters of urban Delhi. Children aged less than 16 years underwent visual acuity screening using age-appropriate visual acuity charts. All children with visual acuity of <6/12 in any eye in the age group between 3 and 15 years and inability to follow the light in age less than 3 years were referred for detailed ophthalmic examination in a centrally based clinic. Cycloplegic examination and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were assessed. They were examined by an ophthalmologist to determine the prevalence and causes of functional low vision (FLV). The prevalence of FLV was compared with other population-based studies across India and other parts of the world.

Results:
Amongst 20,955 children examined for visual acuity, 789 children were referred to the central clinic for detailed ophthalmic examination. The overall prevalence of low vision was 0.62 per 1,000 children (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12–1.90). The main anatomical cause of low vision was retinal abnormalities.

Conclusion:
Although the prevalence of children with low vision decreased as compared to previous population-based studies. There is an important need to create awareness among parents on appropriate and timely usage of low-vision devices (LVDs) at an affordable cost to improve the visual quality in children with low vision.
DA  - 2023/01//
PY  - 2023
DO  - 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1078_22
DP  - PubMed Central
VL  - 71
IS  - 1
SP  - 209
EP  - 214
J2  - Indian J Ophthalmol
SN  - 0301-4738
UR  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10155569/
Y2  - 2024/04/15/09:13:20
L1  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10155569/pdf/IJO-71-209.pdf
L2  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10155569/
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36588238
KW  - Humans
KW  - Child
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - India
KW  - Blindness
KW  - Children
KW  - Vision Disorders
KW  - Vision, Low
KW  - prevalence
KW  - low vision
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Effective cataract surgical coverage in India: Evidence from 31 districts
AU  - Gupta, Vivek
AU  - Vashist, Praveen
AU  - Sarath, S.
AU  - Gupta, Noopur
AU  - Senjam, Suraj Singh
AU  - Shukla, Pallavi
AU  - Grover, Sumit
AU  - Shamanna, B. R.
AU  - Vemparala, Rajshekhar
AU  - Wadhwani, Meenakshi
AU  - Bhardwaj, Amit
AU  - Gupta, Promila
AU  - Titiyal, Jeewan S.
T2  - Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
AB  - Background: 
          Effective Cataract Surgical Coverage (eCSC) is a core outcomes domain indicator to assess accessibility and quality of eye care services with limited available information.
          Purpose: 
          To generate baseline estimates of eCSC for India.
          Methods: 
          We performed the analysis of data pooled from Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness surveys conducted in 31 districts of India during 2015-2019 among persons aged 50+ years. eCSC was calculated at various thresholds, the primary being operable cataract at best corrected visual acuity <6/12, good outcome at presenting visual acuity of 6/12.
          Results: 
          Age-sex standardized and weighed eCSC in India was 36.7% (95% CI: 33.6, 39.9), and cataract surgical coverage (CSC) was 57.3% (95% CI: 53.3, 61.2), a relative quality gap in cataract surgery being 36.0%. eCSC in males was higher at 38.0% than females (35.6%). eCSC increased with education from 31.0% in illiterate participants to 59.7% in class 10 educated. On multivariate analysis, rural setting, increasing age, and residence in eastern or northeastern zones of India continued to be associated with poor/worse eCSC, while female gender was associated with higher eCSC. District-wide variations in eCSC were observed.
          Conclusion: 
          Developmental factors have an important bearing on eCSC in India. Geographical variations point toward the need for targeted, locally relevant strategies.
DA  - 2024/07//
PY  - 2024
DO  - 10.4103/IJO.IJO_2835_23
DP  - journals.lww.com
VL  - 72
IS  - Suppl 4
SP  - 10.4103/IJO.IJO_2835_23
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0301-4738
ST  - Effective cataract surgical coverage in India
UR  - https://journals.lww.com/ijo/abstract/9900/effective_cataract_surgical_coverage_in_india_.166.aspx
Y2  - 2024/04/18/11:28:02
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38622863
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Rural Population
KW  - Aged
KW  - India
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Visual Acuity
KW  - Health Services Accessibility
KW  - Cataract Extraction
KW  - Blindness
KW  - Cataract
ER  - 
Code language: HTTP (http)

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Risk factors for non-communicable disease in urban Haryana: a study using the STEPS approach
A1  - Krishnan, Anand
A1  - Shah, Bela
A1  - Gupta, Vivek
A1  - Khaparde, Kshitij
A1  - Paul, Eldho
A1  - Menon, Geetha R
A1  - Kapoor, Suresh K
JO  - Indian Heart J
VL  - 60
IS  - 1
SP  - 9
EP  - 18
Y1  - 2008
ER  - 


TY  - JOUR
T1  - Revitalizing rural health care delivery: can rural health practitioners be the answer?
A1  - Yadav, Kapil
A1  - Jarhyan, Prashant
A1  - Gupta, Vivek
A1  - Pandav, Chandrakant S
JO  - Indian Journal of Community Medicine
VL  - 34
IS  - 1
SP  - 3
EP  - 5
SN  - 0970-0218
Y1  - 2009
PB  - Medknow
ER  - 


TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of computerized health management information system for primary health care in rural India
A1  - Krishnan, Anand
A1  - Nongkynrih, Baridalyne
A1  - Yadav, Kapil
A1  - Singh, Satyavir
A1  - Gupta, Vivek
JO  - BMC health services research
VL  - 10
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
Y1  - 2010
PB  - BioMed Central
ER  - 


TY  - JOUR
T1  - Patterns of tobacco use across rural, urban, and urban-slum populations in a North Indian community
A1  - Gupta, Vivek
A1  - Yadav, Kapil
A1  - Anand, K
JO  - Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine
VL  - 35
IS  - 2
SP  - 245
Y1  - 2010
PB  - Medknow Publications
ER  - 



TY  - JOUR
T1  - Validity of clinical case definitions for influenza surveillance among hospitalized patients: results from a rural community in North India
A1  - Gupta, Vivek
A1  - Dawood, Fatimah S
A1  - Rai, Sanjay K
A1  - Broor, Shobha
A1  - Wigh, Rajan
A1  - Mishra, Akhilesh C
A1  - Lafond, Kathryn
A1  - Mott, Joshua A
A1  - Widdowson, Marc‐Alain
A1  - Lal, Renu B
JO  - Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
SN  - 1750-2659
Y1  - 2012
PB  - Wiley Online Library
ER  - 


TY  - JOUR
T1  - Automatic glaucoma diagnosis in digital fundus images using deep CNNs
A1  - Sharma, Ambika
A1  - Agrawal, Monika
A1  - Roy, Sumantra Dutta
A1  - Gupta, Vivek
JO  - Advances in computational intelligence techniques
SP  - 37
EP  - 52
SN  - 9811526192
Y1  - 2020
PB  - Springer Singapore
ER  -


TY  - JOUR
T1  - Efficacy of inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine in rural India: a 3-year cluster-randomised controlled trial
A1  - Sullender, Wayne M
A1  - Fowler, Karen B
A1  - Gupta, Vivek
A1  - Krishnan, Anand
A1  - Purakayastha, Debjani Ram
A1  - Vln, Raghuram Srungaram
A1  - Lafond, Kathryn E
A1  - Saha, Siddhartha
A1  - Palomeque, Francisco S
A1  - Gargiullo, Paul
JO  - The Lancet Global Health
VL  - 7
IS  - 7
SP  - e940
EP  - e950
SN  - 2214-109X
Y1  - 2019
PB  - Elsevier
ER  - 
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)

PMID- 38767538
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240826
LR  - 20240827
IS  - 1998-3689 (Electronic)
IS  - 0301-4738 (Linking)
VI  - 72
IP  - 9
DP  - 2024 Sep 1
TI  - Rapid survey for assessing effective cataract surgical coverage (eCSC) and 
      effective refractive error coverage (eREC)-Novel indicators of universal eye 
      health.
PG  - 1321-1328
LID - 10.4103/IJO.IJO_1668_23 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: As per the recent World Health Organization estimates, approximately 2.2 
      billion people have near and distance vision impairment (VI) globally, and out of 
      this almost 50% is avoidable. METHODS: The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Visual 
      Impairment survey was a cross-sectional study conducted in September 2021, using 
      cluster random sampling in 42 clusters with a cluster size of 140, giving a total 
      of 6000 participants. Two teams comprising of trained optometrists and social 
      workers conducted the ocular examination which included unaided, pinhole, and 
      aided visual acuity assessments followed by examination of the anterior segment 
      and lens. Distance visual acuity was measured using simplified tumbling "E" 
      charts of different sizes for VA of 6/12, 6/18, and 6/60. The lens assessment was 
      done in an un-dilated pupil with torch light by the optometrist. RESULTS: 
      Overall, 6520 individuals aged 6 years and above were enumerated, of whom 5440 
      (83.4%) were examined. The response rate for examination was better among females 
      (93.1%) than males (73.9%), and it decreased from 93.8% in the age group 6-15 
      years to 77.1% in the 45+ age group. The prevalence of blindness and VI were 
      0.18% (95% CI: 0.06-0.29) and 4.19% (95%CI: 3.65-4.72), respectively. The major 
      causes of VI in all age groups were uncorrected refractive error (65.4%), 
      cataract (23.7%), cataract surgical complications (2.6%), corneal opacity (0.4%), 
      and other posterior segment diseases (7.5%). The effective cataract surgical 
      coverage (eCSC) was 61.8%, effective refractive error coverage (eREC) for 
      distance vision was 59.8%, and eREC for near vision was 47.0%. CONCLUSION: The 
      RAAVI methodology is suitable to measure effective coverage in the general 
      population, both for baseline measurement and periodic monitoring. The 2030 
      targets for the surveyed district are 90% eCSC and 100% eREC. Such exercises need 
      to be conducted in each district of the country to determine the baseline and 
      target values of effective coverage.
CI  - Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.
FAU - Vashist, Praveen
AU  - Vashist P
AD  - Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, 
      AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Grover, Sumit
AU  - Grover S
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, National Cancer Institute, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Manna, Souvik
AU  - Manna S
AD  - ESI Medical College, Alwar, Rajasthan, India.
FAU - Senjam, Suraj S
AU  - Senjam SS
AD  - Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, 
      AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Gupta, Vivek
AU  - Gupta V
AD  - Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, 
      AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Gupta, Noopur
AU  - Gupta N
AD  - Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, 
      AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Bhardwaj, Amit
AU  - Bhardwaj A
AD  - Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, 
      AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Multicenter Study
DEP - 20240520
PL  - India
TA  - Indian J Ophthalmol
JT  - Indian journal of ophthalmology
JID - 0405376
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Male
MH  - Female
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Visual Acuity/physiology
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - *Refractive Errors/epidemiology/physiopathology/therapy
MH  - India/epidemiology
MH  - Young Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - *Cataract Extraction
MH  - Child
MH  - Cataract/epidemiology/complications
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Universal Health Insurance
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
EDAT- 2024/05/20 12:42
MHDA- 2024/08/26 13:44
CRDT- 2024/05/20 10:22
PHST- 2023/06/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2024/04/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/08/26 13:44 [medline]
PHST- 2024/05/20 12:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/05/20 10:22 [entrez]
AID - 02223307-990000000-00185 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/IJO.IJO_1668_23 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Indian J Ophthalmol. 2024 Sep 1;72(9):1321-1328. doi: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_1668_23. 
      Epub 2024 May 20.

PMID- 38622863
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240702
LR  - 20241011
IS  - 1998-3689 (Electronic)
IS  - 0301-4738 (Print)
IS  - 0301-4738 (Linking)
VI  - 72
IP  - Suppl 4
DP  - 2024 Jul 1
TI  - Effective cataract surgical coverage in India: Evidence from 31 districts.
PG  - S650-S657
LID - 10.4103/IJO.IJO_2835_23 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Effective Cataract Surgical Coverage (eCSC) is a core outcomes domain 
      indicator to assess accessibility and quality of eye care services with limited 
      available information. PURPOSE: To generate baseline estimates of eCSC for India. 
      METHODS: We performed the analysis of data pooled from Rapid Assessment of 
      Avoidable Blindness surveys conducted in 31 districts of India during 2015-2019 
      among persons aged 50+ years. eCSC was calculated at various thresholds, the 
      primary being operable cataract at best corrected visual acuity <6/12, good 
      outcome at presenting visual acuity of 6/12. RESULTS: Age-sex standardized and 
      weighed eCSC in India was 36.7% (95% CI: 33.6, 39.9), and cataract surgical 
      coverage (CSC) was 57.3% (95% CI: 53.3, 61.2), a relative quality gap in cataract 
      surgery being 36.0%. eCSC in males was higher at 38.0% than females (35.6%). eCSC 
      increased with education from 31.0% in illiterate participants to 59.7% in class 
      10 educated. On multivariate analysis, rural setting, increasing age, and 
      residence in eastern or northeastern zones of India continued to be associated 
      with poor/worse eCSC, while female gender was associated with higher eCSC. 
      District-wide variations in eCSC were observed. CONCLUSION: Developmental factors 
      have an important bearing on eCSC in India. Geographical variations point toward 
      the need for targeted, locally relevant strategies.
CI  - Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.
FAU - Gupta, Vivek
AU  - Gupta V
AD  - Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of 
      Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
FAU - Vashist, Praveen
AU  - Vashist P
AD  - Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of 
      Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
FAU - Sarath, S
AU  - Sarath S
AD  - Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of 
      Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
FAU - Gupta, Noopur
AU  - Gupta N
AD  - Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of 
      Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
FAU - Senjam, Suraj Singh
AU  - Senjam SS
AD  - Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of 
      Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
FAU - Shukla, Pallavi
AU  - Shukla P
AD  - Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of 
      Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
FAU - Grover, Sumit
AU  - Grover S
AD  - Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of 
      Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
FAU - Shamanna, B R
AU  - Shamanna BR
AD  - School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
FAU - Vemparala, Rajshekhar
AU  - Vemparala R
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Vardhaman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung 
      Hospital, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Wadhwani, Meenakshi
AU  - Wadhwani M
AD  - Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of 
      Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Guru Nanak Eye Center, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Bhardwaj, Amit
AU  - Bhardwaj A
AD  - Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of 
      Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
FAU - Gupta, Promila
AU  - Gupta P
AD  - National Program for Control of Blindness and Visual Impairment, Ministry of 
      Health and Family Welfare, Nirman Bhavan, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Titiyal, Jeewan S
AU  - Titiyal JS
AD  - Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of 
      Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Multicenter Study
DEP - 20240416
PL  - India
TA  - Indian J Ophthalmol
JT  - Indian journal of ophthalmology
JID - 0405376
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - India/epidemiology
MH  - *Cataract Extraction/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Male
MH  - Female
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - *Visual Acuity
MH  - Aged
MH  - *Cataract/epidemiology
MH  - *Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Rural Population/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Blindness/epidemiology
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
PMC - PMC11338407
COIS- There are no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2024/04/16 12:42
MHDA- 2024/07/02 06:42
PMCR- 2024/07/01
CRDT- 2024/04/16 01:24
PHST- 2023/10/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2024/01/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/07/02 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2024/04/16 12:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/04/16 01:24 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 02223307-990000000-00166 [pii]
AID - IJO-72-650 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/IJO.IJO_2835_23 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Indian J Ophthalmol. 2024 Jul 1;72(Suppl 4):S650-S657. doi: 
      10.4103/IJO.IJO_2835_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

PMID- 36018099
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220830
LR  - 20221121
IS  - 1998-3689 (Electronic)
IS  - 0301-4738 (Print)
IS  - 0301-4738 (Linking)
VI  - 70
IP  - 9
DP  - 2022 Sep
TI  - Current status of trachoma in India: Results from the National Trachoma 
      Prevalence Survey.
PG  - 3260-3265
LID - 10.4103/ijo.IJO_503_22 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: In the mid-twentieth century, trachoma was endemic in the northwestern 
      states of India. We aimed to generate recent estimates of prevalence of 
      trachomatous inflammation, follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in 
      ten suspected-endemic districts across seven previously hyper-endemic states and 
      union territories for trachoma in India including Delhi, Rajasthan, Haryana, 
      Punjab, Gujarat, Uttarakhand and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. METHODS: 
      Population-based prevalence surveys were undertaken in 10 districts. In each of 
      those districts, two-stage cluster sampling was used to select a sample of 2000 
      children aged 1-9 years and all adults aged ≥15 years in the enumerated 
      households from a total of 20 clusters per district. Consenting eligible 
      participants were examined for trachoma by trained ophthalmologists using the 
      World Health Organization's simplified grading system. Data were analyzed at the 
      district level. RESULTS: A total of 13,802 households were surveyed in which 
      19,662 children were examined for TF and 44,135 adults aged ≥15 years were 
      examined for TT. District-level TF prevalence in 1-9-year-olds ranged from 0.1% 
      in Bikaner (95% CI: 0.01-0.3) to 2.1% in Dholpur (95% CI: 1.6-2.8) and that of 
      trichiasis ranged from 0.7 per 1000 in Pauri Garhwal (95% CI: 0.01-1.4) to 22.1 
      per 1000 (95% CI: 15.8-28.4) in Car Nicobar. In four districts (Car Nicobar, 
      Dholpur, Hoshiarpur, Tonk), trichiasis prevalence in adults aged ≥15 years was 
      ≥0.2%. CONCLUSION: TF was not a public health problem in any of the districts 
      surveyed; thus, antibiotic mass drug administration is not needed. However, TT 
      among adults was found to be above 0.2% in four districts; thus, further 
      trichiasis surgery interventions at the public health level are warranted to 
      achieve elimination. These findings will facilitate planning for elimination of 
      trachoma as a public health problem in India.
FAU - Gupta, Noopur
AU  - Gupta N
AD  - Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Community Ophthalmology, Dr. 
      Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical 
      Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Vashist, Praveen
AU  - Vashist P
AD  - Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Community Ophthalmology, Dr. 
      Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical 
      Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Senjam, Suraj S
AU  - Senjam SS
AD  - Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Community Ophthalmology, Dr. 
      Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical 
      Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Gupta, Vivek
AU  - Gupta V
AD  - Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Community Ophthalmology, Dr. 
      Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical 
      Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Wadhwani, Meenakshi
AU  - Wadhwani M
AD  - Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Community Ophthalmology, Dr. 
      Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical 
      Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Manna, Souvik
AU  - Manna S
AD  - Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Community Ophthalmology, Dr. 
      Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical 
      Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Grover, Sumit
AU  - Grover S
AD  - Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Community Ophthalmology, Dr. 
      Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical 
      Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Bhardwaj, Amit
AU  - Bhardwaj A
AD  - Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Community Ophthalmology, Dr. 
      Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical 
      Sciences, New Delhi, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - India
TA  - Indian J Ophthalmol
JT  - Indian journal of ophthalmology
JID - 0405376
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Child
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Humans
MH  - India
MH  - Infant
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - *Trachoma
MH  - *Trichiasis
PMC - PMC9675499
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Elimination
OT  - epidemiology
OT  - prevalence
OT  - survey
OT  - trachoma
COIS- None
EDAT- 2022/08/27 06:00
MHDA- 2022/08/31 06:00
PMCR- 2022/09/01
CRDT- 2022/08/26 09:33
PHST- 2022/08/26 09:33 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/08/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/08/31 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - IndianJOphthalmol_2022_70_9_3260_354594 [pii]
AID - IJO-70-3260 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/ijo.IJO_503_22 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Indian J Ophthalmol. 2022 Sep;70(9):3260-3265. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_503_22.

PMID- 35862402
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220725
LR  - 20230617
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 7
DP  - 2022
TI  - Blindness and visual impairment and their causes in India: Results of a 
      nationally representative survey.
PG  - e0271736
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0271736 [doi]
LID - e0271736
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Avoidable blindness is a significant public health problem in 
      India. Nationally representative RAAB surveys (Rapid Assessment of Avoidable 
      Blindness) are being conducted periodically in the country to know the current 
      status of blindness in the country. The current study describes the findings from 
      the RAAB survey conducted during 2015-19 in India. METHODOLOGY: A 
      cross-sectional, population-based survey was conducted across the entire country 
      among persons aged 50 years and above using RAAB version 6 methodology. 
      Presenting and pinhole visual acuity was recorded followed by lens examination 
      using a torchlight. In order to estimate the prevalence of blindness and visual 
      impairment in overall population in India, district weights were assigned to each 
      of the 31 surveyed districts and the prevalence was standardized using the RAAB 
      software. RESULTS: The overall weighted, age-gender standardized, prevalence of 
      blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60 in better eye) in population aged ≥50 
      years was 1.99% (95% CI 1.94%, 2.13%) and of visual impairment (VI) (presenting 
      visual acuity <6/12 in better eye) was 26.68% (95% CI 26.57-27.17%). On 
      multivariate analysis, adjusted odds ratio showed that blindness was associated 
      with age ≥ 80 years (OR = 20.3, 95% CI: 15.6-26.4) and being illiterate (OR = 
      5.6, 95% CI: 3.6-8.9). Blindness was not found to be significantly associated 
      with either gender or locality. CONCLUSION: The results of the survey demonstrate 
      that currently more than one fourth of persons aged 50 years and above are 
      visually impaired (PVA<6/12 in better eye) in India. The prevalence of blindness 
      among them is 1.99%, and older age and illiteracy are significantly associated 
      with blindness. Major causes of blindness included cataract (66.2%), corneal 
      opacity (CO) (8.2%), cataract surgical complications (7.2%), posterior segment 
      disorders (5.9%) and glaucoma (5.5%). The proportion of blindness and visual 
      impairment that is due to avoidable causes include 92.9% and 97.4% respectively.
FAU - Vashist, Praveen
AU  - Vashist P
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1250-7373
AD  - Community Ophthalmology, Dr. R P Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Senjam, Suraj Singh
AU  - Senjam SS
AD  - Community Ophthalmology, Dr. R P Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Gupta, Vivek
AU  - Gupta V
AD  - Community Ophthalmology, Dr. R P Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Gupta, Noopur
AU  - Gupta N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8022-6656
AD  - Ophthalmology, Dr. R P Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Shamanna, B R
AU  - Shamanna BR
AD  - School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana.
FAU - Wadhwani, Meenakshi
AU  - Wadhwani M
AD  - Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Shukla, Pallavi
AU  - Shukla P
AD  - Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Manna, Souvik
AU  - Manna S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8870-8542
AD  - Community Ophthalmology, Dr. R P Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Yadav, Saumya
AU  - Yadav S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1788-4549
AD  - Community Ophthalmology, Dr. R P Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Bharadwaj, Amit
AU  - Bharadwaj A
AD  - AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
LA  - eng
SI  - figshare/10.6084/m9.figshare.19785382.v1
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20220721
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
CIN - Indian J Ophthalmol. 2023 May;71(5):2302-2303. doi: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_190_23. PMID: 
      37202986
MH  - Blindness/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology
MH  - *Cataract/complications/epidemiology
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Humans
MH  - India/epidemiology
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - *Vision, Low/etiology
MH  - *Visually Impaired Persons
PMC - PMC9302795
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2022/07/22 06:00
MHDA- 2022/07/26 06:00
PMCR- 2022/07/21
CRDT- 2022/07/21 13:44
PHST- 2022/01/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/07/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/07/21 13:44 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/07/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/07/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/07/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-22-00674 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0271736 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2022 Jul 21;17(7):e0271736. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271736. 
      eCollection 2022.

PMID- 35225509
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220321
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 1998-3689 (Electronic)
IS  - 0301-4738 (Print)
IS  - 0301-4738 (Linking)
VI  - 70
IP  - 3
DP  - 2022 Mar
TI  - Diabetic retinopathy screening in the public sector in India: What is needed?
PG  - 759-767
LID - 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1298_21 [doi]
AB  - India has been witnessing an epidemic of diabetes for several years now. A large 
      proportion of patients with undiagnosed and poorly controlled diabetes are at 
      great risk of developing diabetic retinopathy (DR) and irreversible blindness. 
      The goal of DR screening is to identify people with sight-threatening DR early so 
      that prompt treatment can be initiated, and blindness can be prevented. 
      Systematic DR screening is essential to identify disease early, and a national 
      effort for the same is required. We adopt a health system approach to outline the 
      actions that need to take place for effective DR screening in the public sector 
      in India. We discuss the role of national leadership, needs assessment, 
      finalization of DR screening and referral pathway, trainings, strategies to 
      improve the uptake, allocation of roles and responsibilities, public-private 
      partnerships, quality control, and financing.
FAU - Gupta, Vivek
AU  - Gupta V
AD  - Community Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, 
      AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Azad, Shorya Vardhan
AU  - Azad SV
AD  - Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New 
      Delhi, India.
FAU - Vashist, Praveen
AU  - Vashist P
AD  - Community Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, 
      AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Senjam, Suraj S
AU  - Senjam SS
AD  - Community Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, 
      AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Kumar, Atul
AU  - Kumar A
AD  - Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New 
      Delhi, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - India
TA  - Indian J Ophthalmol
JT  - Indian journal of ophthalmology
JID - 0405376
SB  - IM
MH  - Blindness/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus
MH  - *Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis/epidemiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - India/epidemiology
MH  - Mass Screening
MH  - Public Sector
PMC - PMC9114582
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Diabetic retinopathy
OT  - National program
OT  - health systems
OT  - public health
OT  - screening
COIS- None
EDAT- 2022/03/01 06:00
MHDA- 2022/03/22 06:00
PMCR- 2022/03/01
CRDT- 2022/02/28 11:50
PHST- 2022/02/28 11:50 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/03/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/03/22 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - IndianJOphthalmol_2022_70_3_759_331327 [pii]
AID - IJO-70-759 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1298_21 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Indian J Ophthalmol. 2022 Mar;70(3):759-767. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1298_21.

PMID- 34645964
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220926
LR  - 20231002
IS  - 1476-5454 (Electronic)
IS  - 0950-222X (Print)
IS  - 0950-222X (Linking)
VI  - 36
IP  - 10
DP  - 2022 Oct
TI  - Prevalence of myopia and its risk factors in rural school children in North 
      India: the North India myopia rural study (NIM-R Study).
PG  - 2000-2005
LID - 10.1038/s41433-021-01797-3 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: To assess the prevalence of myopia and its risk factors in rural 
      school children. METHODS: Children in classes 4-7 of eight randomly selected 
      schools (five government and three private) in rural Haryana, with unaided vision 
      <6/9.5 were screened, their cycloplegic refraction is done, myopes were 
      identified. A questionnaire-based assessment of risk factors was done for myopes 
      and compared with 10% of randomly selected children with normal vision 
      (controls). The prevalence of myopia and its association with risk factors were 
      assessed. RESULTS: Children screened were 1486 (89.5% coverage). The mean age of 
      children was 11.2 ± 1.5 years with 861 (57.9%) boys. Prevalence of myopia was 
      6.4% (95% Confidence intervals [CI]: 5.2%, 7.8%). Prevalence was higher among 
      private schools (10.1%) compared to government schools (1.4%) (p < 0.001), and 
      among girls 7.2% (45/625) compared to boys 5.8% (50/861) (p = 0.2786). The mean 
      spherical equivalent refractive error was -1.61D ± 1.32D. The prevalence of high 
      myopia was 1.1% (1/95). There was a 75% unmet need for spectacles. Studying in 
      private school was positively associated with myopia as per our multivariate 
      analysis (p = 0.016). An inverse association was found for time spent outdoors 
      (p = 0.009). Watching television, indoor time, screen time, age, or gender were 
      not found to be statistically significant as risk factors. CONCLUSION: The 
      prevalence of myopia is increasing among children of rural areas, especially 
      those in private schools with a strong inverse association with time spent 
      outdoors. Regular screening, lifestyle modification and awareness about 
      modifiable risk factors are essential.
CI  - © 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Royal College of 
      Ophthalmologists.
FAU - Saxena, Rohit
AU  - Saxena R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8660-8062
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, 
      All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. 
      rohitsaxena80@yahoo.com.
FAU - Gupta, Vivek
AU  - Gupta V
AD  - Department of Community Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic 
      Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Prasad, Priyanka
AU  - Prasad P
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, 
      All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Bhardwaj, Amit
AU  - Bhardwaj A
AD  - Department of Community Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic 
      Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Vashist, Praveen
AU  - Vashist P
AD  - Department of Community Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic 
      Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Eye (Lond)
JT  - Eye (London, England)
JID - 8703986
RN  - 0 (Mydriatics)
SB  - IM
MH  - Child
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - India/epidemiology
MH  - Male
MH  - *Mydriatics
MH  - *Myopia/epidemiology
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Refraction, Ocular
MH  - Risk Factors
PMC - PMC9500005
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2021/10/15 06:00
MHDA- 2022/09/28 06:00
PMCR- 2023/10/01
CRDT- 2021/10/14 06:28
PHST- 2021/10/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/09/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/10/14 06:28 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41433-021-01797-3 [pii]
AID - 1797 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41433-021-01797-3 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eye (Lond). 2022 Oct;36(10):2000-2005. doi: 10.1038/s41433-021-01797-3.

PMID- 33075102
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201208
LR  - 20201214
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 10
DP  - 2020
TI  - Prevalence of myopia in Indian school children: Meta-analysis of last four 
      decades.
PG  - e0240750
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0240750 [doi]
LID - e0240750
AB  - BACKGROUND: India is the second most populated country in the world with 41% of 
      the population (492 million) under 18 years of age. While numerous studies have 
      shown an increasing prevalence of myopia worldwide, there continues to be 
      uncertainty about the magnitude of myopia in Indian school going population. 
      DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We systematically 
      identified published literature of last four decades from 1980 to March 2020 and 
      assessed them for methodological quality. Data were gathered into 5-year age 
      groups from 5-15, in urban or rural populations, and standardized to definition 
      of myopia as refractive error ≥ -0.50 dioptre. Random effects meta-analysis was 
      done. RESULTS: We included data from 59 quality assessed studies, covering nearly 
      1,66,000 urban and 1,20,000 rural children. The overall crude prevalence of 
      myopia over last four decades is 7.5% (95% CI, 6.5-8.5%) in 5-15-year age group. 
      The prevalence of myopia is 8.5% (95% CI, 7.1-9.9%) in urban and 6.1% (95% CI, 
      4.5-7.7%) in rural children, with highest prevalence in urban 11-15-year age 
      group [15.0% in last decade]. A significant increment in prevalence is noted in 
      the last decade in rural children from 4.6% to 6.8%, reflecting changing rural 
      environment. CONCLUSION: Myopia is an emerging public health problem in both 
      urban and rural school going adolescents in India requiring urgent efforts.
FAU - Agarwal, Divya
AU  - Agarwal D
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, 
      All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Saxena, Rohit
AU  - Saxena R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8660-8062
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, 
      All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Gupta, Vivek
AU  - Gupta V
AD  - Department of Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic 
      Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Mani, Kalaivani
AU  - Mani K
AD  - Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 
      India.
FAU - Dhiman, Rebika
AU  - Dhiman R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9988-4835
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, 
      All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Bhardawaj, Amit
AU  - Bhardawaj A
AD  - Department of Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic 
      Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Vashist, Praveen
AU  - Vashist P
AD  - Department of Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic 
      Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Meta-Analysis
PT  - Systematic Review
DEP - 20201019
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Humans
MH  - Myopia/*epidemiology
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Rural Population
MH  - Urban Population
PMC - PMC7571694
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2020/10/20 06:00
MHDA- 2020/12/15 06:00
PMCR- 2020/10/19
CRDT- 2020/10/19 17:12
PHST- 2020/05/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/10/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/10/19 17:12 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/10/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/10/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-20-09596 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0240750 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2020 Oct 19;15(10):e0240750. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240750. 
      eCollection 2020.

PMID- 32587175
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200713
LR  - 20220415
IS  - 1998-3689 (Electronic)
IS  - 0301-4738 (Print)
IS  - 0301-4738 (Linking)
VI  - 68
IP  - 7
DP  - 2020 Jul
TI  - Commentary: COVID-19-How it has impacted ophthalmic care and where do we go from 
      here?
PG  - 1399-1400
LID - 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1873_20 [doi]
FAU - Gupta, Vivek
AU  - Gupta V
AD  - Dr. RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Vashist, Praveen
AU  - Vashist P
AD  - Dr. RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Senjam, Suraj S
AU  - Senjam SS
AD  - Dr. RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Comment
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - India
TA  - Indian J Ophthalmol
JT  - Indian journal of ophthalmology
JID - 0405376
SB  - IM
CON - Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020 Jul;68(7):1393-1399. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1171_20. 
      PMID: 32587174
MH  - *Betacoronavirus
MH  - COVID-19
MH  - *Coronavirus Infections
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Pandemics
MH  - *Pneumonia, Viral
MH  - SARS-CoV-2
PMC - PMC7574073
COIS- None
EDAT- 2020/06/27 06:00
MHDA- 2020/07/14 06:00
PMCR- 2020/07/01
CRDT- 2020/06/27 06:00
PHST- 2020/06/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/06/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/07/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - IndianJOphthalmol_2020_68_7_1399_287531 [pii]
AID - IJO-68-1399 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1873_20 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020 Jul;68(7):1399-1400. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1873_20.

PMID- 30907856
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191227
LR  - 20191227
IS  - 1538-9235 (Electronic)
IS  - 1040-5488 (Linking)
VI  - 96
IP  - 4
DP  - 2019 Apr
TI  - Spectacle Coverage among Urban Schoolchildren with Refractive Error Provided 
      Subsidized Spectacles in North India.
PG  - 301-308
LID - 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001356 [doi]
AB  - SIGNIFICANCE: Provision of subsidized spectacles to schoolchildren with 
      refractive error in Delhi was associated with increased spectacle coverage. 
      PURPOSE: Studies involving free spectacle distribution and self-purchase of 
      spectacles often report poor compliance. We assessed 1-year spectacle coverage 
      among schoolchildren with refractive error who were provided subsidized 
      spectacles. METHODS: This was a study of a prospective cohort of 10,114 students 
      from 20 randomly selected schools of Delhi. Children were presumed to have 
      refractive error when unaided visual acuity was worse than or equal to 6/12 in 
      either eye and a best-corrected visual acuity better than or equal to 6/9.5 in 
      both eyes (n = 1503). Children with unmet need of spectacles (presenting with a 
      visual acuity worse than 6/9.5 in the worse eye) were provided subsidized 
      spectacles (n = 1191). Coverage was established by direct observation at baseline 
      and after 1 year through unannounced visits. RESULTS: Mean age of cohort was 12.0 
      ± 2.0 years, and 566 (37.7%) were girls. Baseline spectacle coverage was 29.3% 
      (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.1 to 31.7%), which improved to 65.9% (95% CI, 
      56.0 to 61.6%) among all children (n = 1470) and 58.8% (95% CI, 56.0 to 61.6%) 
      among children with unmet need (n = 1163) at 1 year. Uptake of the subsidized 
      spectacles was 98.6%. On multivariate regression, the odds of spectacle use were 
      greatest when unaided vision was poor: 55.5% when visual acuity was better than 
      or equal to 6/9.5, 74.8% when visual acuity was 6/19 to 6/60 (adjusted odds 
      ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.7 to 3.5), and 91.5% when visual acuity was worse than 6/60 
      (adjusted odds ratio, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0 to 9.5). Sex (boys, 66.3%; girls, 65.3%) 
      and socioeconomic status (lower, 58.6%; middle, 61.8%; upper middle, 70.7%) were 
      not associated with coverage. Increasing maternal education and baseline 
      spectacle use were associated with coverage. However, 38.0% were wearing 
      spectacles prescribed by the project, and 61.9% of the spectacles being used at 1 
      year were purchased in the open market. CONCLUSIONS: Spectacle coverage after 1 
      year increased through a subsidized spectacle scheme, particularly for children 
      with poor uncorrected vision.
FAU - Gupta, Vivek
AU  - Gupta V
AD  - Department of Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic 
      Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Saxena, Rohit
AU  - Saxena R
FAU - Vashist, Praveen
AU  - Vashist P
AD  - Department of Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic 
      Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Bhardwaj, Amit
AU  - Bhardwaj A
AD  - Department of Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic 
      Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Pandey, Ravindra Mohan
AU  - Pandey RM
AD  - Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 
      India.
FAU - Tandon, Radhika
AU  - Tandon R
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, 
      All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Menon, Vimla
AU  - Menon V
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, 
      All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Multicenter Study
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Optom Vis Sci
JT  - Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of 
      Optometry
JID - 8904931
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Child
MH  - *Eyeglasses
MH  - Female
MH  - Health Services Accessibility/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Humans
MH  - India/epidemiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Patient Compliance
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Refractive Errors/epidemiology/physiopathology/*therapy
MH  - Urban Population/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Visual Acuity/physiology
EDAT- 2019/03/26 06:00
MHDA- 2019/12/28 06:00
CRDT- 2019/03/26 06:00
PHST- 2019/03/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/12/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/03/26 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001356 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Optom Vis Sci. 2019 Apr;96(4):301-308. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001356.

PMID- 28345562
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170816
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1998-3689 (Electronic)
IS  - 0301-4738 (Print)
IS  - 0301-4738 (Linking)
VI  - 65
IP  - 2
DP  - 2017 Feb
TI  - Definition of blindness under National Programme for Control of Blindness: Do we 
      need to revise it?
PG  - 92-96
LID - 10.4103/ijo.IJO_869_16 [doi]
AB  - A review appropriateness of the current definition of blindness under National 
      Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB), Government of India. Online search of 
      peer-reviewed scientific published literature and guidelines using PubMed, the 
      World Health Organization (WHO) IRIS, and Google Scholar with keywords, namely 
      blindness and visual impairment, along with offline examination of reports of 
      national and international organizations, as well as their cross-references was 
      done until December 2016, to identify relevant documents on the definition of 
      blindness. The evidence for the historical and currently adopted definition of 
      blindness under the NPCB, the WHO, and other countries was reviewed. Differences 
      in the NPCB and WHO definitions were analyzed to assess the impact on the 
      epidemiological status of blindness and visual impairment in India. The 
      differences in the criteria for blindness under the NPCB and the WHO definitions 
      cause an overestimation of the prevalence of blindness in India. These variations 
      are also associated with an over-representation of refractive errors as a cause 
      of blindness and an under-representation of other causes under the NPCB 
      definition. The targets for achieving elimination of blindness also become much 
      more difficult to achieve under the NPCB definition. Ignoring differences in 
      definitions when comparing the global and Indian prevalence of blindness will 
      cause erroneous interpretations. We recommend that the appropriate modifications 
      should be made in the NPCB definition of blindness to make it consistent with the 
      WHO definition.
FAU - Vashist, Praveen
AU  - Vashist P
AD  - Department of Community Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic 
      Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Senjam, Suraj Singh
AU  - Senjam SS
AD  - Department of Community Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic 
      Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Gupta, Vivek
AU  - Gupta V
AD  - Department of Community Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic 
      Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Gupta, Noopur
AU  - Gupta N
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, 
      All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Kumar, Atul
AU  - Kumar A
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, 
      All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - India
TA  - Indian J Ophthalmol
JT  - Indian journal of ophthalmology
JID - 0405376
SB  - IM
MH  - *Blindness/diagnosis/epidemiology/prevention & control
MH  - Humans
MH  - India/epidemiology
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - *Program Evaluation
PMC - PMC5381306
COIS- There are no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2017/03/28 06:00
MHDA- 2017/08/17 06:00
PMCR- 2017/02/01
CRDT- 2017/03/28 06:00
PHST- 2017/03/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/03/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/08/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - IndianJOphthalmol_2017_65_2_92_202869 [pii]
AID - IJO-65-92 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/ijo.IJO_869_16 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Indian J Ophthalmol. 2017 Feb;65(2):92-96. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_869_16.